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Artikulo

Artikulo
Paano nakakaapekto ang mga control point at data ng PPK sa relatibong katumpakan ng 3D na modelo

Sa dalawang eksperimentong ito, nagpakilala kami ng apat na magkakaibang variable upang i-verify ang kaugnay na katumpakan ng 3D na modelo. Ang apat na magkakaibang variable ay:

1: Mga uri ng carrier ng drone: isang VTOL drone o isang multi-rotor drone

2:ibang GSD

3: May/Walang ground control point

4:May/Walang data ng PPK

Eksperimento 1: ang epekto ng mga ground control point (GCP) sa relatibong katumpakan ng 3D na modelo;

Kondisyon 1

Drone ng carrier

Pahilig na camera

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

Oo

Talahanayan 1 ng Resulta:

Bilang ng mga Bagay

haba ng pagsukat(L0)

Haba ng 3D model(L1)walang GCP

Haba ng 3D model(L2)na may GCP

Ds1(L0-L1)

Ds2(L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.01

0.00

 

8.706

8.71

8.68

0.00

0.03

 

10.961

10.87

10.90

0.09

0.06

2

7.010

6.89

6.98

0.12

0.03

3

1.822

1.79

1.80

0.03

0.02

4

10.410

10.39

10.40

0.02

0.01

5

10.718

10.67

10.70

0.05

0.02

6

13.787

13.75

13.77

0.04

0.02

7

11.404

11.39

11.39

0.01

0.01

 

12.147

12.13

12.13

0.02

0.02

8

7.526

7.51

7.49

0.02

0.04

 

13.797

13.79

13.81

0.01

-0.01

9

10.374

10.35

10.36

0.02

0.01

10

2.109

2.03

2.02

0.08

0.09

 

4.281

4.15

4.16

0.13

0.12

11

14.675

14.61

14.66

0.07

0.02

 

8.600

8.60

8.54

0.00

0.06

12

13.394

13.37

13.35

0.02

0.04

13

12.940

12.88

12.89

0.06

0.05

14

7.190

7.20

7.18

-0.01

0.01

15

13.371

13.36

13.35

0.01

0.02

 

6.435

6.40

6.41

0.03

0.02

16

3.742

3.75

3.72

-0.01

0.02

17

6.022

5.97

5.98

0.05

0.04

18

3.937

3.93

3.89

0.01

0.05

19

8.120

8.10

8.12

0.02

0.00

 

14.411

14.40

14.40

0.01

0.01

20

6.077

6.04

6.03

0.04

0.05

21

13.696

13.65

13.66

0.05

0.04

RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0308m

Kondisyon 2

Drone ng carrier

Pahilig na camera

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

Hindi

Talahanayan 2 ng Resulta:

Bilang ng mga Bagay

haba ng pagsukat(L0)

Haba ng 3D model(L1)walang GCP

Haba ng 3D model(L2)na may GCP

Ds1(L0-L1)

Ds2(L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.18

7.18

0.030

0.030

 

8.706

8.69

8.68

0.016

0.026

 

10.961

10.89

10.91

0.071

0.051

2

7.010

6.88

6.92

0.130

0.090

3

1.822

1.76

1.79

0.062

0.032

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.030

0.020

5

10.718

10.65

10.66

0.068

0.058

6

13.787

13.72

13.77

0.067

0.017

7

11.404

11.41

11.38

-0.006

0.024

 

12.147

12.13

12.12

0.017

0.027

8

7.526

7.44

7.47

0.086

0.056

 

13.797

13.83

13.83

-0.033

-0.033

9

10.374

10.35

10.34

0.024

0.034

10

2.109

1.98

2.03

0.129

0.079

 

4.281

4.14

4.18

0.141

0.101

11

14.675

14.55

14.59

0.125

0.085

 

8.600

8.58

8.57

0.020

0.030

12

13.394

13.36

13.35

0.034

0.044

13

12.940

12.95

12.92

-0.010

0.020

14

7.190

7.21

7.21

-0.020

-0.020

15

13.371

13.36

13.36

0.011

0.011

 

6.435

6.37

6.43

0.065

0.005

16

3.742

3.74

3.72

0.002

0.022

17

6.022

6.03

6.00

-0.008

0.022

18

3.937

3.91

3.94

0.027

-0.003

19

8.120

8.09

8.09

0.030

0.030

 

14.411

14.40

14.41

0.011

0.001

20

6.077

6.06

6.03

0.017

0.047

21

13.696

13.68

13.65

0.016

0.046

RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0328m

Kondisyon 3

Drone ng carrier

Pahilig na camera

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

1.5cm

Oo

Talahanayan 3 ng Resulta:

Bilang ng mga Bagay

haba ng pagsukat(L0)

Haba ng 3D model(L1)walang GCP

Haba ng 3D model(L2)na may GCP

Ds1(L0-L1)

Ds2(L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.01

0.00

 

8.706

8.69

8.7

0.02

0.01

 

10.961

10.88

10.89

0.08

0.07

2

7.010

6.87

6.99

0.14

0.02

3

1.822

1.75

1.78

0.07

0.04

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.03

0.02

5

10.718

10.69

10.69

0.03

0.03

6

13.787

13.78

13.76

0.01

0.03

7

11.404

11.38

11.39

0.02

0.01

 

12.147

12.12

12.12

0.03

0.03

8

7.526

7.49

7.51

0.04

0.02

 

13.797

13.78

13.8

0.02

0.00

9

10.374

10.34

10.35

0.03

0.02

10

2.109

2.02

2.11

0.09

0.00

 

4.281

4.21

4.28

0.07

0.00

11

14.675

14.65

14.68

0.03

0.00

 

8.600

8.57

8.53

0.03

0.07

12

13.394

13.40

13.37

-0.01

0.02

13

12.940

12.89

12.91

0.05

0.03

14

7.190

7.18

7.2

0.01

-0.01

15

13.371

13.38

13.35

-0.01

0.02

 

6.435

6.46

6.4

-0.03

0.03

16

3.742

3.75

3.71

-0.01

0.03

17

6.022

5.97

5.98

0.05

0.04

18

3.937

3.91

3.89

0.03

0.05

19

8.120

8.08

8.1

0.04

0.02

 

14.411

14.38

14.39

0.03

0.02

20

6.077

6.05

6.03

0.03

0.05

21

13.696

13.67

13.64

0.03

0.06

RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m,Ds2=0.0249m

Kondisyon 4

Drone ng carrier

Pahilig na camera

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

1.5cm

Hindi

Talahanayan 4 ng Resulta:

Bilang ng mga Bagay

haba ng pagsukat(L0)

Haba ng 3D model(L1)walang GCP

Haba ng 3D model(L2)na may GCP

Ds1(L0-L1)

Ds2(L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.010

0

 

8.706

8.65

8.68

0.056

0.026

 

10.961

10.90

10.87

0.061

0.091

2

7.010

6.86

6.88

0.150

0.13

3

1.822

1.76

1.76

0.062

0.062

4

10.410

10.37

10.38

0.040

0.03

5

10.718

10.68

10.72

0.038

-0.002

6

13.787

13.71

13.79

0.077

-0.003

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.024

0.024

 

12.147

12.12

12.13

0.027

0.017

8

7.526

7.49

7.53

0.036

-0.004

 

13.797

13.77

13.78

0.027

0.017

9

10.374

10.35

10.37

0.024

0.004

10

2.109

2.09

2.11

0.019

-0.001

 

4.281

4.19

4.28

0.091

0.001

11

14.675

14.64

14.67

0.035

0.005

 

8.600

8.57

8.58

0.030

0.02

12

13.394

13.38

13.39

0.014

0.004

13

12.940

12.91

12.9

0.030

0.04

14

7.190

7.20

7.19

-0.010

0

15

13.371

13.38

13.37

-0.009

0.001

 

6.435

6.43

6.42

0.005

0.015

16

3.742

3.70

3.7

0.042

0.042

17

6.022

5.99

5.98

0.032

0.042

18

3.937

3.94

3.91

-0.003

0.027

19

8.120

8.12

8.07

0.000

0.05

 

14.411

14.37

14.38

0.041

0.031

20

6.077

6.04

6.04

0.037

0.037

21

13.696

13.65

13.65

0.046

0.046

RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m,Ds2=0.0259m

Kondisyon 5

Drone ng carrier

Pahilig na camera

GSD

PPK

DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor

DG4pros

1.5cm

Hindi

Talahanayan 5 ng Resulta:

Bilang ng mga Bagay

haba ng pagsukat(L0)

Haba ng 3D model(L1)walang GCP

Haba ng 3D model(L2)na may GCP

Ds1(L0-L1)

Ds2(L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.19

7.21

0.02

0.00

 

8.706

8.70

8.70

0.01

0.01

 

10.961

10.91

10.91

0.05

0.05

2

7.010

6.98

6.98

0.03

0.03

3

1.822

1.79

1.80

0.03

0.02

4

10.410

10.39

10.39

0.02

0.02

5

10.718

10.69

10.70

0.03

0.02

6

13.787

13.76

13.75

0.03

0.04

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.02

0.02

 

12.147

12.12

12.13

0.03

0.02

8

7.526

7.50

7.49

0.03

0.04

 

13.797

13.77

13.79

0.03

0.01

9

10.374

10.33

10.35

0.04

0.02

10

2.109

2.02

2.07

0.09

0.04

 

4.281

4.20

4.21

0.08

0.07

11

14.675

14.65

14.66

0.03

0.02

 

8.600

8.57

8.57

0.03

0.03

12

13.394

13.35

13.35

0.04

0.04

13

12.940

12.92

12.93

0.02

0.01

14

7.190

7.17

7.18

0.02

0.01

15

13.371

13.35

13.36

0.02

0.01

 

6.435

6.41

6.42

0.02

0.01

16

3.742

3.70

3.71

0.04

0.03

17

6.022

5.99

6.00

0.03

0.02

18

3.937

3.89

3.91

0.05

0.03

19

8.120

8.08

8.10

0.04

0.02

 

14.411

14.36

14.35

0.05

0.06

20

6.077

6.06

6.06

0.02

0.02

21

13.696

13.65

13.67

0.05

0.03

RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0256m

Mga konklusyon

Ang mga variable ng eksperimento 1 ay:

1:May/Walang data ng PPK.

2:Mga uri ng carrier ng drone :isang VTOL drone o isang multi-rotor drone

3:ibang GSD:1.5 cm o 2cm

Pagkatapos ng pagsusuri ng limang set ng pang-eksperimentong data, maaari nating gawin ang mga sumusunod na konklusyon:

Kapag ang pahilig na camera ay DG4Pros:

(1) May/Walang ground control point (GCP) na kasangkot sa AT triangulation, ito man ay isang VTOL o isang multi-rotor drone, kung ang GSD ay 2cm o 1.5cm, ang 3D na modelo na binuo ng oblique camera na DG4Pros ay maaaring matugunan ang mga kinakailangan ng relatibong katumpakan error Ds≤10cm.

(2) Kapag may/walang mga GCP ang iisang variable, ang relatibong katumpakan ng modelong 3D na may mga GCP ay mas mahusay kaysa sa walang GCP.

(3) Kapag ang GSD ay ang solong variable, ang relatibong katumpakan ng 3D na modelo na GSD 1.5cm ay mas mahusay kaysa sa GSD na 2cm.

(4) Kapag ang carrier drone ay ang solong variable, ang relatibong katumpakan ng 3D na modelo na gumagamit ng multi-rotor ay mas mahusay kaysa sa paggamit ng VTOL bilang carrier drone.

Eksperimento 2: Kung walang mga GCP, ang epekto ng data ng PPK sa relatibong katumpakan ng 3D na modelo

Kondisyon 1

Drone ng carrier

Pahilig na camera

GSD

Mga GCP

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

HINDI

Talahanayan 1 ng Resulta:

Bilang ng mga Bagay

haba ng pagsukat(L0)

Haba ng 3D model(L1)walang PPK

Haba ng 3D model(L2)may PPK

Ds1(L0-L1)

Ds2(L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.18

7.20

0.030

0.01

 

8.706

8.69

8.71

0.016

0.00

 

10.961

10.89

10.87

0.071

0.09

2

7.010

6.88

6.89

0.130

0.12

3

1.822

1.76

1.79

0.062

0.03

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.030

0.02

5

10.718

10.65

10.67

0.068

0.05

6

13.787

13.72

13.75

0.067

0.04

7

11.404

11.41

11.39

-0.006

0.01

 

12.147

12.13

12.13

0.017

0.02

8

7.526

7.44

7.51

0.086

0.02

 

13.797

13.83

13.79

-0.033

0.01

9

10.374

10.35

10.35

0.024

0.02

10

2.109

1.98

2.03

0.129

0.08

 

4.281

4.14

4.15

0.141

0.13

11

14.675

14.55

14.61

0.125

0.07

 

8.600

8.58

8.60

0.020

0.00

12

13.394

13.36

13.37

0.034

0.02

13

12.940

12.95

12.88

-0.010

0.06

14

7.190

7.21

7.20

-0.020

-0.01

15

13.371

13.36

13.36

0.011

0.01

 

6.435

6.37

6.40

0.065

0.03

16

3.742

3.74

3.75

0.002

-0.01

17

6.022

6.03

5.97

-0.008

0.05

18

3.937

3.91

3.93

0.027

0.01

19

8.120

8.09

8.10

0.030

0.02

 

14.411

14.40

14.40

0.011

0.01

20

6.077

6.06

6.04

0.017

0.04

21

13.696

13.68

13.65

0.016

0.05

RMSE Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0342m